当今时代,人类社会的发展日益依赖巨量的能源,这与不可再生资源有限的储量相矛盾,发展绿色清洁、高效可持续的可再生能源和能源利用技术迫在眉睫。磷化钴材料作为过渡金属磷化物的重要一员,由于其对氢的优异吸/脱附性能和特殊的晶体结构,广泛应用于电解水、超级电容器和二次电池等电化学能量储存与转化领域。然而目前磷化钴材料的应用还存在很多缺陷,在电解水反应中活性组分易分解,结构稳定性差;在超级电容器使用中活性位点暴露不足、电导率偏低;作为锂/钠离子电池电极材料在充放电过程中存在巨大的体积变化而导致循环稳定性降低等。本文对磷化钴的晶体结构、制备方法及改良方法作了总结,对其应用于电解水、超级电容器和锂/钠离子电池的生效机理和发展近况进行概述。最后提出了存在的问题和未来的发展方向。In the current era,the development of human society increasingly depends on huge amounts of energy,which contradicts the limited reserves of non-renewable resources.The development of green,clean,efficient and sustainable new energy and energy utilization technologies is extremely urgent.As an important member of transition metal phosphides,cobalt phosphides have been widely used in electrochemical energy storage and conversion fields such as electrolysis of water,supercapacitors and secondary batteries due to its excellent performance of absorption/desorption of H and its special crystal structure.However,cobalt phosphides have also many shortcomings.In the process of electrolysis of water,the active components are easily decomposed and the structural stability is poor.When used in the supercapacitor,cobalt phosphides electrode materials suffer from the insufficient exposure of the active site and the lower conductivity.As anode materials for lithium/sodium ion batteries,the huge volume change results in poor cycle stability.In this review,the crystal structure,preparation methods and improved methods of cobalt phosphides were summarized,and the effective mechanism and development status of cobalt phosphides used in electrolysis of water,supercapacitor and lithium/sodium ion battery were summarized.In addition,the existing problems and future development directions for cobalt phosphide materials were also discussed.
机构地区兰州理工大学石油化工学院
基金国家自然科学基金(21763016)。
