摘要 冯友兰提出了道德“知易行难”“知难行易”的观点。理解两种“对立”观点的关键在于辩证把握“知”的深义:“知易行难”的“知”是基础层次的认知,是通常具有的感知;“知难行易”的“知”不仅包含知道、认识,还蕴含“了解”。深层意义的“知”和“觉解”存在内在联系,它们都含有了解之意,即对发出的道德行为具有清楚的认知,属于理性认知。冯友兰以“觉解”为依据划分了四种境界:自然境界的道德是知难行易;功利境界的道德是知易行难;“道德”境界的道德是知义行义;天地境界的道德是知行合一。 Feng Youlan puts forward the moral points that "it is easy to know, but difficult to do" and "it is easier to do a thing than to know the reason". The key to understand the two "opposing" viewpoints lies in the dialectical understanding of the profound meaning of "knowledge". The "knowledge" of "it is easy to know, but difficult to do" is the basic level of cognition, which is the usual perception;the "knowledge" of "it is easier to do a thing than to know the reason" not only includes knowing, but also implies understanding. The deep meanings of "knowledge" and "awareness" are inherently related, and they both contain the meaning of understanding, which are clear cognitions of the occurred moral behaviors. They belong to rational cognition. Feng Youlan divides the four realms on the basis of "awareness". Morality in the natural realm is "easier to do a thing than to know the reason";morality in the realm of utilitarianism is easy to know, but difficult to do;in the realm of morality, people know righteousness and do righteousness;in the ultimate realm, people can achieve the unity of knowledge and action.
出处 《中国教育科学(中英文)》 2021年第1期75-80,共6页 Education Sciences in China
基金 2017年度河南省教育厅人文社会科学研究项目“县域非物质文化遗产的文化空间重构与活态传承——以河南开封地区为例”,编号2017-ZZJH-065 2017年度河南省哲学社会科学规划项目“非物质文化遗产的传承利用与推动农村公共文化服务建设研究”,编号2017BZH001。
