摘要 特朗普执政以来的美国外交奉行单边主义、物质主义和孤立主义,这种风格转向可以用权力这一概念予以解释。特朗普的权力观具有高度的物质主义、个体主义特征,他认为经济实力和军事实力是美国最重要的权力源泉,不重视所谓"软实力"和其他观念的影响力。从权力的生效机制角度来看,特朗普重视武力的威慑效用但谨慎使用武力;特别强调双边、即时对等的利益交换机制;基本上放弃通过投入物质资源对他者进行改造。这种权力战略的正面影响是美国通过战略收缩能较快地促使其个体物质利益回归;负面影响则是美国由于过于自利而导致其结构性权力遭到显著削弱。如何平衡个体主义权力和结构性权力的建设是美国战略家的当务之急。中国应当警惕美国将其提升了的个体实力转化为结构性权力的动向,并找到破解应对之道。 The US diplomacy has pursued unilateralism,materialism and isolationism since Trump took office four years ago.This shift in style can be explained by the concept of power.Trump’s view of power is characterized by a high degree of materialism and individualism.He believes that economic and military strength is the most important sources of power in the United States,and he does not attach importance to the influence of so-called"soft power"and other concepts.From the perspective of the effective mechanism of power,Trump attaches great importance to the deterrent effect of force but uses force cautiously;he particularly emphasizes the bilateral and instant reciprocal benefit exchange mechanism;and basically abandons the transformation of others by investing material resources.The positive effect of such a power strategy is that the United States can quickly promote its individual material interests through strategic contraction;the negative effect is that the structural power of the US is significantly weakened due to its excessive self-interest.How to balance the construction of individualistic power and structural power could be the top priority of US strategists.China,on the other hand,should be wary of the US’s tendency to transform its enhanced individual strength into structural power,and try to find a way to solve this problem.
机构地区 北京大学国际关系学院 中国社会科学院美国研究所
出处 《国际经济评论》 CSSCI 北大核心 2020年第6期39-55,4,5,共19页 International Economic Review
分类号 D26 [政治法律—中共党史]
