在最近的几十年中,超级电容器(SC)已在电化学能量存储设备中获得了更为重要的地位。SC为使用寿命长的能量存储设备提供了可观的功率密度和令人满意的能量密度,适用于多种应用。因此,这些装置的进一步发展依赖于提供合适,低成本,环境友好和丰富的材料作为SC的电极活性材料。在用于SC的电极材料中,活性炭表现出优异的性能。它们具有优异的电化学效率,高比表面积,高吸附性,可调节的表面化学性质,快速的离子/电子传输,低成本和丰富的特性,使其成为SC电极的最佳材料。如果从生物质前驱体制备活性炭,则可以协同增强这些优势。由于生物质为可再生来源,低成本,便捷的加工过程以及对环境的友好性,研究者们将注意力集中在生物质上。在本文中,试图全面了解作为电化学储能装置的SC的基本原理。然后,对各种来源的生物质进行分类和分析。最后,讨论了这些生物质前驱体作为SCs电极材料的应用和活化技术。Electrochemical capacitors,also called supercapacitors(SCs),have been gaining a more significant position as electrochemical energy storage devices in recent years.They are energy storage devices with a considerable power density,a satisfactory energy density and a long-life cycle,suitable for a large number of applications.The further development of these devices relies on providing suitable,low-cost,environmentally friendly,and abundant materials for use as the active materials in the electrodes.Among the current materials used,activated carbons have a superior performance.Their excellent electrochemical performance,high specific surface area,high adsorption,tunable surface chemistry,fast ion/electron transport,abundant functional moieties,low cost,and abundance have made them promising candidates as SC electrodes.These advantages can be enhanced if the activated carbons are prepared from biomass precursors.Recently,scientists have focused on biomass because it is abundant and renewable,low cost,simply processed,and environmentally friendly.The fundamentals of SCs as an electrochemical energy storage device are discussed and biomass from various sources is categorized and introduced.Finally,the activation techniques for these biomass precursors and their use as electrode materials for SCs are discussed.
机构地区重庆诺奖二维材料研究院有限公司 Department of Materials Science and Engineering 重庆大学光电技术与系统教育部重点实验室 Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials
出处《新型炭材料》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2021年第3期546-572,共27页New Carbon Materials
关键词超级电容器 电极 多孔炭 生物质 活化Supercapacitor Electrode Porous carbon Biomass Activation
分类号TQ127.11 [化学工程—无机化工]
