摘要 为了解半干旱区秸秆还田量对全膜覆土穴播春小麦水分利用和产量的影响,2018年在甘肃中部半干旱旱作区(35°35′N,104°36′E)开展大田试验,以陇春35号为供试品种,设置1500 kg·hm-2秸秆还田(SRL)、3000 kg·hm-2秸秆还田(SRM)、4500 kg·hm-2秸秆还田(SRH)和无秸秆还田(CK)4个处理,测定和分析了不同处理下全膜覆土穴播春小麦不同生育时期0~300 cm土壤贮水量、0~300 cm土层阶段耗水量和WUE的特点。结果表明,与CK相比,不同量的秸秆还田均可提高春小麦播种到抽穗期0~300 cm土层土壤贮水量和拔节到灌浆期春小麦对0~300 cm土层的耗水量,降低拔节到成熟期冠层温度,显著增加春小麦叶片SPAD值、叶面积指数、生物量、产量和水分利用效率。SRM处理的产量较SRH和SRL处理分别增加4.0%和17.4%,WUE分别提高4.8%和16.0%。因此,在甘肃中东部半干旱旱作区,全膜覆土穴播春小麦的适宜秸秆还田量为3000 kg·hm-2;秸秆还田能够改善春小麦生育前中期土壤墒情,有利于中后期水分利用,促进春小麦叶片光合物质生产,最终实现增产和水分高效利用。 In order to understand the effect of straw returning amount on water use and yield of spring wheat under film mulching and hole sowing in semi-arid area of central Gansu province(35°35′N,104°36′E),a field experiment was conducted in 2018 with the spring wheat(Longchun 35)as the test material.Four treatments were set up with different straw returning amounts:1500 kg·hm-2(SRL),3000 kg·hm-2(SRM),4500 kg·hm-2(SRH)and no straw returning(CK)to measure and analyze the characteristics of soil water storage in 0-300 cm soil layer,water consumption in 0-300 cm soil layer and WUE under different treatments.The results showed that compared with CK,different amount of straw returning increased soil water storage in 0-300 cm soil layer from sowing to heading stage and water consumption of spring wheat in 0-300 cm soil layer from jointing to grain-filling stage,reduced canopy temperature from jointing to maturity stage,and significantly increased leaf SPAD value,leaf area index,biomass,yield and water use efficiency of spring wheat.The yield under SRM treatment was increased by 4.0%and 17.4%,respectively,compared with that under SRH and SRL treatments;WUE was increased by 4.8%and 16.0%,respectively.Therefore,in the semi-arid and dry farming area of central and Eastern Gansu province,the suitable amount of straw returning for hole sowing with film mulching is 3000 kg·hm-2 for spring wheat.Straw returning can improve soil moisture content in the early and middle stages of spring wheat growth,improve water use in the middle and late stages,promote the production of photosynthetic substances of spring wheat leaves,and ultimately achieve high yield and high water use efficiency.
出处 《麦类作物学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2021年第4期457-464,共8页 Journal of Triticeae Crops
基金 国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD200403) 甘肃省农业科学院农业科技创新专项(2020GAAS32)。
关键词 秸秆还田量 旱地 全膜覆土 春小麦 水分利用 产量 Straw returning amount Rain-fed area Soil-plastic mulching Spring wheat Water utilization Grain yield
