摘要 为明确不同氮效率小麦品种对减氮的响应特点,以前期筛选出的氮高效品种扬麦25、宁麦21和氮低效品种扬麦22、扬麦20为材料,研究减氮模式对产量、氮肥利用效率、光合生产能力和干物质积累量的影响。结果表明,氮高效品种扬麦25和宁麦21的籽粒产量和氮肥利用效率显著高于氮低效品种扬麦22和扬麦20,氮高效品种的平均籽粒产量和平均氮肥利用效率较氮低效品种分别高10.9%和23.9%。与常规施氮处理(CK)模式相比,减氮20%并采用基肥和拔节肥各施氮90 kg·hm-2(M4)模式下,氮高效品种开花期LAI、旗叶SPAD值、净光合速率及乳熟期旗叶SPAD值和净光合速率均未显著降低,且乳熟期平均LAI提高16.0%,进而使花后干物质积累量增加,从而实现产量稳定和氮肥利用效率的提高;而氮低效品种花后光合生产能力、籽粒产量和氮肥利用效率随施氮量降低而出现不同程度的降低。这说明,氮高效品种较氮低效品种有着更多的减氮潜力,前者在适量减氮和合理施肥方式下,可通过延缓花后叶面积衰减、保持较强的花后光合能力和增加花后物质生产力,实现产量稳定和氮肥利用效率提高。 To determine the response features of wheat cultivars with various nitrogen efficiency to the reduction of nitrogen application,the treatments of reduced nitrogen application were designed to study their effects on grain yield,nitrogen use efficiency(NUE),and photosynthetic production capacity with two high NUE cultivars(Yangmai 25 and Ningmai 21)and two low NUE cultivars(Yangmai 22 and Yangmai 20).The results showed that grain yield and NUE of Yangmai 25 and Ningmai 21 were significantly higher than those of Yangmai 22 and Yangmai 20 with an average increase rate of 10.9%and 23.9%,respectively.Compared with the CK(traditional nitrogen application rate)treatment,a 20%nitrogen reduction with 90 kg·hm-2 nitrogen application respectively at pre-sowing and elongation stages for M4 treatment,did not significantly reduce LAI,flag leaf SPAD value,and net photosynthetic rate at anthesis,and flag leaf SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate at milk-ripening of the high NUE cultivars.The high NUE cultivars maintained a relatively higher LAI,16.0%more than that of CK at milk-ripening under M4 treatment,resulting in the increase of post-anthesis dry matter accumulation,and thus grain yield stability and NUE improvement were achieved.However,photosynthetic production ability,grain yield,and NUE of low NUE cultivars were decreased by various degrees when nitrogen application was reduced.These results indicate that the high NUE cultivars relative to the low NUE cultivars have more potential of reduced nitrogen.The former cultivars can achieve yield stability and NUE improvement by postponing the decline of leaves area,maintaining a high post-anthesis photosynthetic production ability and increasing the matter production after anthesis under the appropriate amount of nitrogen application and fertilization strategies.
出处 《麦类作物学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2021年第4期490-498,共9页 Journal of Triticeae Crops
基金 国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300405,2018YFD0300802) 国家自然科学基金项目(31771711) 江苏省高校优势学科建设工程项目 扬州大学科技创新团队项目 扬州大学科研创新计划资助项目(XKYCX18-084)。
关键词 减氮 氮高效品种 产量 氮肥利用效率 光合物质生产 Reduction of nitrogen High NUE cultivars Grain yield Nitrogen use efficiency Photosynthetic production
