2.1 有机氮替代无机氮对冬小麦各生育阶段土壤耗水特性的影响
不同处理小麦各生育阶段耗水量存在显著差异，播种-拔节期的耗水量显著高于其他生育阶段；除单施化肥外，其他处理的土壤耗水量和耗水模系数在拔节-开花期最小；与对照相比，有机氮替代无机氮处理生育期耗水显著增高，尤其是开花前；当有机氮部分替代无机氮后，花后土壤耗水及耗水模系数要高于单施化肥处理下；有机氮替代75%的无机氮生育期耗水量及耗水模系数最高，尤其是开花-成熟期阶段，差异极显著。可见，有机氮替代无机氮可有效促进小麦开花-成熟期对水分的吸收利用，进而满足籽粒灌浆对水分的需求，尤其是有机氮替代75%的无机氮处理。
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表2 有机氮替代无机氮对冬小麦阶段耗水量（CA）、耗水模系数（CP）的影响 Table 2 Effects of organic nitrogen replacing inorganic nitrogen on water consumption (CA) and water consumption modulus (CP) of Winter Wheat |
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处理 Treatment |
SS-JS |
JS-AS |
AS-MS |
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|
CA(mm) |
CP(%) |
CA(mm) |
CP(%) |
CA(mm) |
CP(%) |
|
|
CK |
167.67 c |
42.81 bc |
106.09 c |
27.09 bc |
117.89 bc |
30.10 b |
|
M0 |
183.06 a |
45.51 a |
113.11 a |
28.12 a |
106.04 d |
26.36 d |
|
M25 |
173.49 b |
43.23 b |
110.92 ab |
27.64 ab |
121.87 b |
30.37 b |
|
M50 |
170.14 b |
42.17 bc |
111.10 ab |
27.53 b |
117.27 bc |
29.06 bc |
|
M75 |
172.39 b |
41.70 c |
111.25 ab |
26.91 c |
129.78 a |
31.39 a |
|
M100 |
170.97 b |
43.08 b |
107.99 bc |
27.21 bc |
117.92 bc |
29.71bc |
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注：CK处理为不施肥; M0～M100处理的施氮量均为150 kg·hm-2 , 其中有机肥氮的替代比例依次为 0、25%、50%、75%、100%。同列数据后不同小写字母表示同一生育期处理间差异显著 (P < 0.05)。 |
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Note: CK treatment was no fertilization; the nitrogen application rate of m0-m100 treatment was 150 kg · hm-2, and the substitution ratio of organic fertilizer and nitrogen was 0, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%, respectively. After the same column of data, different lowercase letters indicated that there was significant difference between the treatments in the same growth period (P < 0.05). |
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