摘要 增信措施是指在典型的保证方式以外,第三方提供的其他能够增加债务人信用和保障债权人债权实现的措施或方式,包括但不限于债务加入、第三方差额补足、到期回购以及流动性支持等。实务中有关增信措施的裁判规则未尽统一,原因在于就其性质存在第三人清偿、独立的合同义务、债务加入以及保证等多种认识,而这些认识均有不同程度的缺陷。《九民纪要》第23条明确了公司加入他人债务准用对外担保的规则,自应适用《公司法》第16条通过决议机制限制公司对外担保的规定;但《九民纪要》第91条、《民法典担保制度解释》第36条对其他增信措施的规定却未明确此一规则,增信措施的定性及有关问题的处理规则仍存疑问。增信措施与保证既有关联,也有差别,宜将其定性为非典型保证,并与非典型物的担保共同构成非典型担保。公司对外提供的可能产生财产责任后果的增信措施与对外担保在效果上别无二致;公司治理的理念客观上要求公司不能随意对外提供增信措施;增信措施藉由非典型担保可被《公司法》第16条所涵摄,公司对外提供增信措施的,同样应遵循公司对外担保的规则。 Credit enhancement measures refer to other measures or methods provided by the third party to increase the debtor’s credit and ensure the realization of creditor’s rights other than typical guarantee methods, including but not limited to joint assumption of debt, third party shortfall making up, maturity repurchase and liquidity support, etc.In practice, the judgment rules on credit enhancement measures are not unified.The reason lies on various understandings of their nature, such as the third party settlement, independent contractual obligations, joint assumption of debt, and guarantee, and all these understandings have defects to some extent.Article 23 of Minutes of the Civil and Commercial Trial Conference clarifies the rule that companies can use external guarantees for joining the debts of others, which should be applicable for the provisions of Article 16 of Company Law to restrict the company’s external guarantees through a resolution mechanism;However, Article 91 of Minutes of the National Civil and Commercial Trial Conference and Article 36 of Interpretation of the Application of the Relevant Guarantee System of the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China on other credit enhancement measures do not specify this rule, and there still doubts about the essence of credit enhancement measures and the rules for handling related issues. Although credit enhancement measures are related to the guarantee, they are different from each other, so it is better to classify credit enhancement measures as atypical guarantee and form atypical guarantee together with the guarantee of atypical objects.Credit enhancement measures provided by the company that may cause property liability consequences are the same as external guarantees in effect. The concept of corporate governance objectively requires companies not to provide external credit enhancement measures at will.Credit enhancement measures can be included in Article 16 of Company Law as typical guarantee, and hence, when the company provides external cr
出处 《法学论坛》 北大核心 2021年第2期99-110,共12页 Legal Forum
基金 中国政法大学科研创新项目《民法典视角下担保期间及其与诉讼时效的衔接适用研究》(20ZFG82007) 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助 司法部国家法制与法学理论研究项目重点课题《民法典编纂中担保法的制度整合与规则完善》(17SFB1007)的阶段性成果
关键词 增信措施 债务加入 非典型保证 九民纪要 公司担保 credit enhancement measures joint assumption of debt atypical guarantee Minutes of the National Civil and Commercial Trial Work Conference company guarantee
