摘要 目的:探讨静态拉伸、动态拉伸对运动表现的急性效应和机制,明确最佳拉伸时间(量)与强度,为制定赛前或训练前的准备活动方案提供依据。方法:对2010—2019年间被CNKI、Web of Science核心合集、Elsevier、PubMed、EBSCO体育运动全文数据库收录的相关文献进行梳理,归纳赛前或训练前静态、动态肌肉拉伸产生的力量、速度、柔韧等急性效应。结果:静态、动态两种拉伸方式均能有效提升肌肉柔韧性;≤30 s低强度的静态拉伸不会对力量以及速度性能造成实质性影响,但可能会对跳跃性能产生负面影响;5—7 min快速高频率的动态拉伸不会影响力量性能并且有可能提升跳跃性能;静态拉伸后进行专项热身能够提升运动表现。结论:短时间低强度的静态拉伸可能不会影响力量、速度性能;适时快速的动态拉伸在不产生肌肉疲劳的情况下有助于提升运动表现;训练课的准备部分可以适度使用静态拉伸,但应谨慎在静态拉伸后直接进行跳跃性能测试。 Objective:To explore the acute effect and mechanism of static stretching and dynamic stretching on locomotor performance,and determine the best stretching time(amount)and intensity,so as to provide the basis for making the preparation plan before competition or training.Methods:This paper reviews the relevant literature collected by CNKI,Web of Science Core Collection,Elsevier,PubMed and EBSCO sports full-text database from 2010 to 2019,and summarizes the acute effects of static and dynamic muscle stretching on strength,speed and flexibility before competition or training.Results:Both static and dynamic stretching methods can effectively improve muscle flexibility.Static stretching with low strength of less than 30 s will not have a substantial impact on strength and speed performance,but may have a negative impact on jumping performance.5—7 min dynamic stretching with high speed and high frequency will not affect the strength performance and may improve the jumping performance.Special warm-up after static stretching can improve the performance.Conclusion:Short time and low intensity static stretching may not affect strength and speed performance;timely and fast dynamic stretching can help improve locomotor performance without muscle fatigue;static stretching can be moderately used in the preparation part of training course,but it should be cautious to conduct jumping performance test directly after static stretching.
机构地区 山西师范大学体育学院
出处 《河北体育学院学报》 2021年第2期72-82,共11页 Journal of Hebei Sport University
关键词 肌肉拉伸 静态拉伸 动态拉伸 运动表现 急性效应 机制 meta分析 muscle stretching static stretching dynamic stretching locomotor performance acute effect mechanism meta-analysis
