摘要 与面颅、脑颅和颅底不同,枕骨与人群间遗传信息的关系不明确且研究较少。传统形态测量方法对枕骨的研究难以全面反映枕骨的形态信息。为更加精细地探究枕骨形态与人群的关系,本文以亚洲、非洲和欧洲地区的103例现生男性头骨为研究对象,通过三维几何形态测量和多元统计分析的方法对枕骨三维形态和异速生长模式在人群间的差异进行了研究。研究结果表明,枕骨的大小和形状在现生人群中具有显著差异,然而这种差异并不足以区分不同人群。现代人枕骨的三维形态具有较大的变异,主要表现在枕外隆凸点的突出程度、上下相对位置以及枕平面与项平面的比例,其次表现在星点位置在前后、内外以及上下方向上的变化,斜坡的倾角变化等方面。异速生长的分析表明,不同人群中存在不同的异速生长模式,但是非洲和欧洲人群也存在相似的趋势。本研究认为枕骨三维形态在反映人群间遗传关系上作用较小,支持枕骨形态可能更多受到功能和环境等因素的影响。 Different from facial-,neuro-and basi-cranium,how occipital morphology reflects population relationship was still largely uninvestigated.Besides,due to the complexity of the occipital,it’s hard to use traditional morphometrics to capture its overall morphology.Here we present a study on occipital shape and allometric pattern variation among populations using three-dimensional geometric morphometrics and multivariate statistics.One hundred and three extant adult male skulls from Asia,Africa and Europe were applied for this study.Significant differences were observed among different populations on occipital size and occipital shape though efficient discriminations were unlikely to be made.On the contrary,great variations have been noticed among the pooled modern populations,mainly on the projection and superior-inferior position of the external occipital protuberance,proportion of nuchal and occipital plane,anterior-posterior position,medial-lateral and superior-inferior position of asterion,and inclination of clivus.Allometric patterns were different among populations.Nonetheless,similar allometric patterns have been observed within African and European.This study failed to find a strong relationship between occipital morphology and population relationships,and further suggests that the occipital morphology is largely influenced by function and environment.
出处 《人类学学报》 CSSCI CSCD 北大核心 2020年第4期648-658,共11页 Acta Anthropologica Sinica
基金 中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDB26000000) 山东大学基本科研业务费专项资金资助。
分类号 Q983 [生物学—人类学]
