摘要 载流子在超导材料中扮演关键角色,其浓度调控对研究超导特性及相关量子器件至关重要.然而载流子浓度通常与其他自由度相互耦合,难以做到单一物理量变化,例如,化学掺杂同时会导致晶格等发生变化.最近迅速发展的离子液体调控技术,兼具了传统的化学掺杂和场效应晶体管优点——大范围、原位、可逆地调节载流子浓度.随着这项技术的发展,逐渐演变出两类调控思路:静电场效应和电化学调控.本文从这两个方面,回顾了离子液体调控在诱导新奇超导态和调控高温超导薄膜物性上的应用:静电场效应对绝缘或半导体体系十分有效,而对于本身载流子浓度较高的材料(如高温超导体等),电化学调控则发挥了重要作用.离子液体因其强大的原位调控能力和易于与其他手段结合的特点,正逐渐成为超导研究中不可或缺的手段,在构建精确相图、突破高温超导机理等方面发挥不可替代的作用. The tuning of the carrier density is pivotal for uncovering the underlying superconducting mechanisms and constructing quantum devices because the carrier density is a major parameter that influences superconductivity.However,the carrier density is frequently entangled with other physical degrees of freedom.Tuning the carriers via chemical doping will perturb the pristine crystal lattice,thereby making independent control of carrier density difficult to realize.In the recent development on ionic gating,the advantages of traditional chemical doping and field-effect tuning have been combined,i.e.,in situ and reversible tuning of the carriers in a large amount is achieved.In the recent rapid advances of ionic gating,two complementary schemes,i.e.,electrostatic field-effect tuning and electrochemical doping,have been coherently developed.This review summarizes the application of ionic gating in inducing novel superconductivity and tuning the properties of high-temperature superconductors.Electrostatic field-effect tuning using ionic liquids can induce superconductivity in insulating/semiconducting systems with excellent efficiency,whereas electrochemical doping plays an essential role in tuning metallic samples with intrinsically high carrier densities.Thus,because of the unparalleled tuning capability and the ease of incorporation of ionic gating with other characterization techniques,it is expected to become an indispensable technique for investigating superconductivity,based on which unexplored phase diagrams with high precision can be obtained,and contribute to the comprehension of novel superconducting states such as the hightemperature superconductivity.
出处 《中国科学:物理学、力学、天文学》 CSCD 北大核心 2021年第4期201-220,共20页 Scientia Sinica:Physica,Mechanica & Astronomica
关键词 离子液体调控 过渡金属硫族化物 伊辛超导体 高温超导体 ionic liquid gating transition metal dichalcogenides Ising superconductor high-Tc superconductor
分类号 G63 [文化科学—教育学]
