摘要 化肥、农药的过量使用不仅会影响农产品品质,还会给农村生态环境造成很大压力。在化肥、农药过量使用比较普遍的情况下,如何减小化肥、农药的使用强度是当前中国农业高质量发展的重点难点,受到社会各界高度关注。文章从城乡转型发展需要农地与农业劳动力“再配置”出发,理论分析了城镇化进程中农户的农地退出意愿对化肥、农药使用强度的影响,然后利用2019年7—8月调查获得的山东、江苏、安徽三省种植小麦、玉米和稻谷三种主要粮食作物的853户农户调查数据,将农地退出分为部分退出、全部退出两种类型,以单位耕地上的化肥、农药投入金额反映农户的化肥、农药使用强度,采用可解决内生性问题的处理效应模型(TEM)估计了农地退出意愿对化肥、农药使用强度的影响,并进行了稳健性检验。研究发现:在给定的退出补偿标准下,分别有多达50.40%和34.50%的农户愿意退出部分农地或者全部农地;与不愿意退出农地的农户相比,愿意退出部分农地和全部农地的农户,其化肥、农药使用强度分别高93.24元/亩和97.44元/亩,农地退出意愿越强,农户生产三种主要粮食作物的化肥、农药使用强度越大。基于是否愿意或乐意接受国家征地、是否想扩大农地经营规模的稳健性检验发现,农地退出意愿对化肥、农药使用强度有稳定可靠的正向作用。因此,为了进一步减少化肥、农药使用量、实现农业绿色发展,需要加快完善进城农户自愿有偿退出农地的制度安排,积极培育规模农业经营主体,进一步推动农地资源优化配置。 The overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has not only reduced the agricultural products qualities,but also taken a toll on the rural ecological environment.In the case of widespread overuse of agrochemical inputs,how to reduce the use intensities has become the predominant hinder for the high-quality development of agriculture in contemporary China.From the point of view that the urban-rural transformation of China calls for the reallocation of rural land and agricultural workforce,this paper theoretically analyzed the impact of farmers’willingness to abdicate land usufruct on the intensity of fertilizers and pesticides use.We categorized land usufruct abdication into partial-abdication and total-abdication,and the intensities of fertilizers and pesticides use were proxied by the expenditure on fertilizers and pesticides per mu,respectively.To address the endogeneity issue,the treatment effects model(TEM)was applied to the household survey data collected from 853 households in Shandong,Jiangsu and Anhui provinces in China in July and August 2019.The results showed that:Given the compensation standards,50.40%and 34.50%of the farmer households intended to partially or totally abdicate their land usufruct,respectively;the expenditures on fertilizers and pesticides were 93.24 and 97.44 yuan/mu higher for those having willingness to partially or totally abdicate land usufruct compared to their counterparts,respectively.The results suggested that the stronger the willingness to abdicate land usufruct,the higher the intensities of fertilizers and pesticides use.The robustness test also revealed that farmers’willingness to abdicate land usufruct positively affected the intensities of fertilizers and pesticides use.To further reduce the overuse of agrochemical inputs and realize the development of green agriculture,it is necessary to comprehensively improve the institutional arrangement of land usufruct abdication for rural migrant farmers,actively cultivate large-scale agricultural business entities,and pro
机构地区 山东社会科学院 南京林业大学城乡高质量发展研究中心
出处 《中国人口·资源与环境》 CSCD 北大核心 2021年第3期184-192,共9页 China Population,Resources and Environment
基金 国家社会科学基金一般项目“农地错配的效率损失及其对策研究”(批准号:19BJY127)。
关键词 农地退出意愿 化肥、农药 使用强度 处理效应模型 willingness to abdicate land usufruct chemical fertilizer and pesticide use intensity treatment effect model
分类号 F320 [经济管理—产业经济]
