摘要 LAMOST是大天区面积多目标光纤光谱天文望远镜(Large Sky Area Multi-object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope)的英文简称,后冠名为"郭守敬望远镜".LAMOST是由中国天文学家提出天文望远镜创新方案[1],并自主设计和研制的一架特殊的主动反射施密特望远镜.20世纪90年代初,我国计划筹建一批大型科学工程项目,用以促进国家战略高技术的发展和基础科研水平的提高. The LAMOST(Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope)is a special reflecting Schmidt telescope with an effective aperture of 3.6-4.9 m,a focal length of 20 m and a field of view(FOV)of 5 degrees.Its optical system is designed with three major components,namely Ma,Mb,and a focal surface.The correcting mirror Ma(5.72 m×4.40 m)is made up of 24 hexagonal plane sub-mirrors;the primary mirror Mb(6.67 m×6.05 m)has 37 hexagonal spherical submirrors.In the process of observation,Ma is capable of synchronously changing its specific aspherical figure to give excellent optical quality.The focal surface has 4000 precisely positioned fibers connected to 16 spectrographs with a distributive parallel-controllable fiber positioning system,thus LAMOST can observe up to 4000 objects simultaneously.LAMOST adopts an innovative active optics technique,achieved by changing its mirror surface continuously to achieve a series different reflecting Schmidt systems.This novel concept and unique design broke through the bottleneck of former astronomical instruments that could not combine a large clear aperture with a wide FOV.The new active optics system creatively developed in LAMOST is used for correcting Ma,which is a combination of the thin deformable mirror active and segmented active optics.The distributive parallel-controllable fiber positioning technique is also an advanced technology which solved the problem of simultaneously and accurately locating 4000 astronomical objects.LAMOST opened up the ability to have a large scale optical fiber spectroscopic sky survey with as many as 4000 optical fibers.The LAMOST project was approved as a national major science project by the Chinese government in April 1997.LAMOST started to be constructed in August 2001.The installation of all LAMOST systems was completed on time in August 2008.The telescope is located at the Xinglong Station of National Astronomical Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences(NAOC).After the two years commissioning period starting in 2009,a pilot spec
机构地区 中国科学院国家天文台
出处 《科学通报》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2021年第11期1281-1289,共9页 Chinese Science Bulletin
