摘要：重金属是污泥农用的主要障碍，本研究把氧化硫硫杆菌作为去除重金属进行生物降解的功能微生物，对贵阳市7个污水处理厂的污泥样品进行15天的生物沥浸处理，对整个生物系统中的pH值、SO₄^2-和污泥中所含的Pb 、Cd、Cr、Zn、Cu等重金属物质的去除效果，以及所含有的有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾等营养物质的损失率进行分析。结果表明，体系中pH在沥浸后190h开始的下降；pH的下降增强重金属物质的迁移，有利于重金属物质的去除，也有利于除去污泥中的病菌，同时体系中S⁰的生物氧化率缓慢提高，生物沥浸结束后，样品中Pb 、Cd、Cr、Zn、Cu别为45.3%～65.1，58.5%～78.6%，64.3%～84.4%，85.8%～91.6%，21.2%～61.8%，，而污泥有机质、全氮、全磷和全钾的含量损失率分别为 3%，2%，47%，和 6%，污泥剩余养分含量满足《农用泥质》标准(CJ/T309-2009)的标准值。

关键词：  氧化硫硫杆菌   生活污泥   重金属  营养物质

 

Removal of heavy metals from municipal sludge by bioleaching method

 Wang Jing¹,Ran Quan¹,Fan Bai Ling²,Zhang Min Zhan¹ ,Wang Chu³

(1.Guizhou Industry Polytechnic College.guiyang.550008;2.Guizhou minzhu University.Guiyang. 550025;3.Shanghai Normal University.shanghai. 200234)

 

Abstract: Heavy metals are the main obstacles for agricultural use of sludge, the ferrooxidans as a function of microbial removal of heavy metals were degraded, 7 of Guiyang city-sewage treatment plant sludge samples were 15 days of bioleaching process, the biological system pH value, SO4^2- and sludge containing Pb, Cd, Cr, Zn, Cu and other heavy metals removal effect were analyzed and the organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium and other nutrients loss rate. The results show that the decrease of pH in the system at 190h after leaching; the decrease of pH enhanced migration of heavy metals, is conducive to the removal of heavy metals, but also conducive to the removal of the bacteria in the sludge, and the biological oxidation system of S0 rate increased slowly, after bioleaching, Pb, Cd, Cr, Zn Cu, 45.3% ~ 65.1%, 58.5% ~ 78.6%, 64.3% ~ 84.4%, 85.8% ~ 91.6%, 21.2% ~ 61.8%, and the loss of sludge content, organic matter and total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium were 3%, 2%, 47%, and 6%, the remaining sludge meet the nutrient content of "agricultural applicaion standard (CJ/T309-2009).

 

Key words: ferrooxidans; Sewage sludge; heavy metals; Nutrient substance

 

1 .绪论    

   截止到2015年, 我国污水处理厂产生了超过2300万t的污泥, ^[1]城市污泥属于污水处理的产物，若处理不当将会造成环境的二次污染，污泥含有丰富的有机质和氮、磷、钾等微量营养元素，可以作为化学肥使用，^[2]但其中含有的难降解盐类、重金属和致病菌，尤其是重金属物质因其毒性、持久性和生物富集性引起了人们的广泛关注，已成为污泥农用最关键的问题之一。